Designing electoral systems

Electoral Systems

In previous chapters, we discussed the contextual factors that affect the development of political systems. However, the evolution of political systems is not merely a function of the economic, social, cultural, and international environments. Political democracy is also as much a product of human choices as it is a product of context, particularly the choice of institutions that help shape the...

designing unmanned aerial vehicle based on neuro-fuzzy systems

در این پایان نامه، کنترل نرو-فازی در پرنده هدایت پذیر از دور (پهپاد) استفاده شده است ابتدا در روش پیشنهادی اول، کنترل کننده نرو-فازی توسط مجموعه اطلاعات یک کنترل کننده pid به صورت off-line آموزش دیده است و در روش دوم یک کنترل کننده نرو-فازی on-line مبتنی بر شناسایی سیستم توسط شبکه عصبی rbf پیشنهاد شده است. سپس کاربرد این کنترل کننده در پهپاد بررسی شده است و مقایسه ای ما بین کنترل کننده های معمو...

Monotonicity in Electoral Systems

The Electoral Sweet Spot: Low-Magnitude Proportional Electoral Systems

Can electoral rules be designed to achieve political ideals such as accurate representation of voter preferences and accountable governments? The academic literature commonly divides electoral systems into two types, majoritarian and proportional, and implies a straightforward trade-off by which having more of an ideal that a majoritarian system provides means giving up an equal measure of what...

Designing multi-level studies: sampling voters and electoral contexts

Every two years in the US, 435 congressional elections take place that scholars study using data from the National Election Studies (NES) survey of the American electorate. With a focus on sampling, this article explores two issues: (1) How best to design a national election study if the aim is to understand voting behavior within and across subnational contexts; and (2) How, by comparison, the...